Guidelines for Authors

 

The Pliocene Cheleken and Akchagyl formations are the main reservoir units in adjacent countries of the Caspian Basin (including Azarbajan, Russia, Turkmenistan, and Iran), which have been deposited in a non-marine lacustrine system with the thickness of approximately 5–7 km in a deep part of the basin [5]. In the South Caspian Basin, the Lower-Middle Pliocene deposits contain thick intervals of yellow and brown colored claystones, marls, siltstones, limy sandstones, and yellowish brown to red-colored conglomerates with limy pebbles, which are attributed to the continental setting. These types of sediments including some freshwater fossils such as ostracods are transported into the basin through erosion of the Miocene and Cretaceous successions [21,27]. The most thickness of the Cheleken Formation in Turkmenistan reaches approximately 4,000 m.

The Akchagyl Formation, at its type section in Turkmenistan, contains marls, claystones, and gray to white colored sandstones as well as some fossil species of ostracods, gastropods, and bivalves, which disconformably overlies the Cheleken Formation and covered by the Quaternary deposits [9].

In recent decades, the Caspian Basin, in the Iranian sector, has been considered as one of the areas with suitable hydrocarbon potential, and some exploratory researches have been carried out. Despite the remarkable role of the Caspian reservoir elements (i.e., Cheleken, Akchagyl, and Apsheron) in Iran, there is not enough information on their sedimentological properties, depositional environment, diagenesis and reservoir potential, distribution and spatial expansion, and sequence stratigraphy, particularly in the southeastern South Caspian Basin. Because of the existence of vegetation cover in the study region, the Paleogene-Neogene deposits have non-uniform distribution and crop out only in some limited regions, which the deposits have been measured and sampled. Furthermore, core sampling through the Cenozoic successions of the Caspian Basin is associated with some problems due to the loose nature of deposits. Thus, there are a few data on the drilled wells over the area. Since the age and depth of the Pliocene deposits in the southern Caspian Basin are unknown, and due to lack of direct access to them, facies and tectono-stratigraphic analysis of the surrounding outcrops is necessary to determine the evolutionary parameters governing the basin.

Despite some conducted geological studies [32,34,35], there is no particular research on sedimentological properties and depositional conditions of the Pliocene formations in the study area. Therefore, the present study has investigated lateral facies changes and the depositional setting of the Pliocene rock units. This research aims to provide information about the role of the major elements controlling the type of Pliocene deposits in the Southeastern part of the Caspian Basin with considering regional and global parameters to demonstrate the relationship between the tectono-sedimentary evolution and facies distribution of the area. The results of this research can provide useful information on the discovery of the fields with the best stratigraphic and structural traps potential [21].

Surface and subsurface sections investigated in this research are located in Golestan Province, 100 km northeast of the Gonbad-e-Kavous area (Fig. 1). According to the Iranian structural division map, the study area is a part of the Caspian Basin and western block of Kopet Dagh [4].

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References

 All references (in the Journal of Petroleum Science and Technology) are written according to the standard of API. 

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Table 1   Properties of feedstock                                                                                                               

 

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Fig. 13 The experimental and simulated sulfur content of the product diesel at different hydrogen pressures, 360 °C and a space velocity of 1.5 h^‑1

 

 

Fig. 5 Adsorption isotherms for (a) CO₂ and(b)CH₄ on the synthesized samples; Symbols: Experimental data; Lines: Langmuir model fitting

 

Fig. 7 Variation of adsorption enthalpy with loading on samples for CO₂ and CH₄. Lines are drawn as a guide to the eye

 

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Surface and subsurface sections investigated in this research are located in Golestan Province, 100 km northeast of the Gonbad-e-Kavous area, as seen inFig. 1.

The feedstock was a different diesel feedstock, and the properties are shown in Table 1.

 

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All references (in the Journal of Petroleum Science and Technology) are written according to the standard of API. 

Moreover, if any manuscript which has been used in the part of Reference has DOI, it must be mentioned. 

References

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Many researches have been performed to find out the transformation mechanism of 4, 6-DMDBT species [6-8]. The 4, 6-DMDBT species are more inclined to be transformed according to the hydrogenation (HYD) pathway rather than the direct desulfurization (DDS) pathway, in relation to methyl steric hindrance [9,10], and kinetics investigations of the behavior have led to contradictory explanations [11]. The first hypothesis suggests that the transformation of 4, 6-DMDBT is limited by the adsorption step. In this case, the alkyl groups sterically hinder adsorption [11, 12-14].

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Print References

Standard Journal Articles

Author(s) (year) article title, Journal title, Volume (i.e. Vol.), Issue (if there is): Number(s) of Page(s) (i.e. pp.)

Author(s) (year) article title, Journal title, Volume (i.e. Vol.): Number(s) of Page(s) (i.e. pp.)

Examples:

1. Taheri, K., & Morshedy, A. (2017). Three-dimensional modeling of mud loss zones using the improved gustafson-kessel fuzzy clustering algorithm (case study: one of the south-western oil fields), Journal of Petroleum Research, 27(5), 82-97,  doi.10.22078/JPST.2020.4150.1671. 
2. Groesbeck, C., & Collins, R. (1982). Entrainment and deposition of fine particles in porous media, Journal of Petroleum Engineering, 22(6), 847–856, doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1997)123:12(1143).
3. Lu, Y., Zhan, W., & Hu, C. (2016). Detecting and quantifying oil slick thickness by thermal remote sensing: A ground-based experiment, Remote Sensing of Environment, 181, 207-217, doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2016.04.007.                                                            [All references, in the Journal of Petroleum Science and Technology must be written based on the standard of APA + doi of each reference; It is worthwhile to mention or type all references the same as above examples.]
4. Sun, S., Hu, C., Feng, L., Swayze, G. A., Holmes, J., Graettinger J., & Leifer I. (2016) Oil slick morphology derived from AVIRIS measurements of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill: Implications for spatial resolution requirements of remote sensors, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 103, 276-285, doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.12.003.
5. Hu, J., Li, Z. W., Ding, X. L., Zhu, J. J., Zhang, L. & Sun, Q. (2018). Resolving three-dimensional surface displacements from InSAR measurements: A review, Earth-Science Reviews, Elsevier, 133, 1-17, doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.02.005.
6. Mahmud, M. U., Yakubu, T. A., Oluwafemi. O., Sousa. J. J., Ruiz-Armenteros A. M., Arroyo-Parras, J. G., & Perissin, D. (2016). Application of multi-temporal interferometric synthetic aperture radar (MT-InSAR) technique to land deformation monitoring in Warri Metropolis, Delta State, Nigeria, Procedia Computer Science, 100, 1220-1227, doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2016.09.150.
7. Pawelec, B., Fierro, J. L. G., & Montesinos. A. (2008). Influence of the acidity of nanostructured CoMo/P/Ti-HMS catalysts on the HDS of 4,6-DMDBT reaction pathways. Journal of Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 80, 1-14, doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2007.10.039.
8. Erban, L. E., Gorelick, S. M. & Zebker, H., A. (2014). Groundwater extraction, land subsidence, and sea-level rise in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, Environmental Research Letters, 9(8), 084010, doi 10.1088/1748-9326/9/8/084010.
9. Ozigis, M. S., Kaduk. J. D., Jarvis C.,H., da Conceição Bispo, P., & Balzter, H. (2020). Detection of oil pollution impacts on vegetation using multifrequency SAR, multispectral images with fuzzy forest and random forest methods. Journal of Environmental Pollution, 256, 113360, doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113360.
10. Hoang, A., T., Nižetić, S., Duong X. Q., Rowinski L., & Nguyen, X. P. (2021). Advanced super-hydrophobic polymer-based porous absorbents for the treatment of oil-polluted water. Journal of Chemosphere, 277, 130274, doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130274.
11. Ayotamuno, M. J., Kogbara, R. B., Ogaji, S. O. T., & Probert, S. D. (2006). Bioremediation of a crude-oil polluted agricultural-soil at Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Energy, 83(11), 1249-1257, doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2006.01.003.
12. Sun, L., Wang, X., He, M., Jin, J., Li, J, Yuanping, L. & Zhang, G. (2020). Thermogenic gas controls high saturation gas hydrate distribution in the Pearl River Mouth Basin: Evidence from numerical modeling and seismic anomalies, Journal of Ore Geology Reviews, Elsevier, 127, 103846, doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2020.103846.
13. Verma, N., Singh, S., Srivastava, R. & Yadav, B. C. (2014 Fabrication of iron titanium oxide thin film and its application as opto-electronic humidity and liquefied petroleum gas sensors, Journal of Optics and Laser Technology, Elsevier, 57, 181-188, doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2013.10.007.
14. Verma, N., Singh, S., Srivastava., R., & Yadav, B. C. (2014). Fabrication of iron titanium oxide thin film and its application as opto-electronic humidity and liquefied petroleum gas sensors, Journal of Optics and Laser Technology, 57, 181-188, doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2013.10.007.
15. Ojha, M., & Sain, K. (2009). Seismic attributes for identifying gas-hydrates and free-gas zones: application to the Makran accretionary prism, Episodes Journal of International Geoscience, 32, 4, 264-270, doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/2009/v32i4/003.
16. Ojha, M., Sain. K., & Minshull, T. A. (2010). Assessment of gas-hydrate saturations in the Makran accretionary prism using the offset dependence of seismic amplitudes, Journal of Geophysics, 75(2), C1-C6, doi.org/10.1190/1.3315861.
17. Soltani B., Beiranvand B., Moussavi-Harami R., Honarmand J & Taati F (2020) Facies analysis and depositional setting of the upper Pliocene Akchagyl Formation in southeastern Caspian Basin, NE Iran, Journal of Carbonates and Evaporites, 35(8), 1-18.
18. Rögl F (1999) Mediterranean and Paratethys, Facts and hypothesis of an Oligocene to Miocene paleogeography (short review), Geologica Carpathica, 50, 4, 339-349.
19. Robert Alexandra MM, Letouzey J, Kavoosi MA & Sherkati S (2014) Structural evolution of the Kopeh Dagh fold-and-thrust belt (NE Iran) and interactions with the South Caspian Sea Basin and Amu Darya Basin. Marine and Petroleum Geology, Elsevier, 57, 68–87, doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.05.002.
20. Cheng, C., Jiang, T., Kuang, Z., Yang, C., Zhang, C., He, Y., & Xiong, P. (2020). Characteristics of gas chimneys and their implications on gas hydrate accumulation in the Shenhu area, northern South China Sea. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 84, 103629-103637, doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2020.103629.
21. Attias, E., Amalokwu, K., Watts, M., Falcon-Suarez, I. H., North, L., Hu, G. W., & Minshull, T. A. (2020). Gas hydrate quantification at a pockmark offshore Norway from joint effective medium modelling of resistivity and seismic velocity. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 113, 104151, doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2019.104151.
22. Qin, X. W., Lu, J. A., Lu, H. L., Qiu, H. J., Liang, J. Q., Kang, D. J., & Kuang, Z. G. (2020). Coexistence of natural gas hydrate, free gas and water in the gas hydrate system in the Shenhu Area, South China Sea. China Geology, 3(2), 210-220, doi.org/10.31035/cg2020038.
23. Chai, W. S., Cheun, J. Y., Kumar, P. S., Mubashir, M., Majeed, Z., Banat, F., & Show, P. L. (2021). A review on conventional and novel materials towards heavy metal adsorption in wastewater treatment application. Journal of Cleaner Production, 296, 126589, doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126589.
24. Ganiyu, S. O., Martínez-Huitle, C. A., & Oturan, M. A. (2021). Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes for wastewater treatment: Advances in formation and detection of reactive species and mechanisms. Current Opinion in Electrochemistry, 27, 100678, doi.org/10.1016/j.coelec.2020.100678.
25. Asif, M. B., & Zhang, Z. (2021). Ceramic membrane technology for water and wastewater treatment: A critical review of performance, full-scale applications, membrane fouling and prospects. Chemical Engineering Journal, 418, 129481-129489, doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.129481.
26. Raziperchikolaee, S., Cotter, Z., & Gupta, N. (2021). Assessing mechanical response of CO₂ storage into a depleted carbonate reef using a site-scale geomechanical model calibrated with field tests and InSAR monitoring data. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 86, 103744-103753, doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2020.103744.
27. Wang, Y., Feng, G., Li, Z., Xu, W., Zhu, J., He, L., & Qiao, X. (2022). Retrieving the displacements of the Hutubi (China) underground gas storage during 2003–2020 from multi-track InSAR. Remote Sensing of Environment, 268, 112768-112774, doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112768.
28. Malik, K., Kumar, D., Perissin, D., & Pradhan, B. (2022). Estimation of ground subsidence of New Delhi, India using PS-InSAR technique and Multi-sensor Radar data. Advances in Space Research, 69(4), 1863-1882, doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2021.08.032.

 

 

Note: don't use "et al" in the section of References.

 

Conference proceedings

Articles from conference proceedings (Published)

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Example:

1. Fazelipour W, Pope GA & Sepehrnoori K (2008) Development of a fully implicit, parallel, EOS compositional simulator to model asphaltene precipitation in petroleum reservoirs, Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Society of Petroleum Engineers.
2. Golonka J (2000) Geodynamic evolution of the south Caspian Basin, American Association of Petroleum Geologists’s Inaugural Regional International Conference, Istanbul, Turkey, 42–45.

 

 

Papers presented at Conferences (unpublished)

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1. Brandi B, Due J, Dick M (year) Engineering names and concepts, presented at the 2nd International Conference Engineering Education, Frankfurt, Germany.

 

Standards/Patents

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Example:

1. Rebecca E E, Smith K, Doe J (1989) Alternating current power supply, U.S. Patent.

 

Books

Personal author(s)

Author(s), Book Title (edition), publishing company, publishing location, pp.

Example:

1. Rang HP, Dale MM, Ritter JM & Moore PK (2003) Pharmacology, 5th edition, Churchill, Livingstone, Edinburg, 240-252.
2. Mussett AE & Khan MA (2000) Looking into the earth: an introduction to geological geophysics, 1st edition, Cambridge University Press, 1-108.
3. Paik JK & Thayamballi AK (2007) Ship-shaped offshore installations: design, building, and operation, 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press, 1-96.
4. Ning Z & Chan TL (2007) On-road remote sensing of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) vehicle emissions measurement and emission factors estimation, 3rd edition, Atmospheric Environment, Elsevier, 9099-9110.

 

Book Chapters

Author(s) (year) Chapter title, Book Title (edition), Publishing Company, Publishing location, pp.

Example:

1. Bourne J E (1964) Synthetic structure of industrial plastics, Plastics (2nd edition), McGraw-Hill, New York, 15-67.
2. Hohn M (1998) The semivariogram, Geostatistics and petroleum geology (2nd edition), Springer science and business media, The Netherlands, 15-29.

Dissertation and Theses

Author(s) (year) Title, Degree level, University/Institute, location, pp.

1. Mack S. (2000) Desperate optimism, MA thesis, University of Calgary, Canada, 1-82.

 

Lecture

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Example:

1. Maw S (2003) Engg 251 Class lecture, Speed skating, ICT 224, Faculty of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta.

 

Electronic References

Books

Author(s) (year) Book title (edition), [type of medium], vol.: pp., Available: site/path/file [date accessed]

Example:

1. Calmer S (1999) Engineering and Art (2nd edition), [On-line], 27: 1-279, Available: w.ww.enggart.com/examples/students.html [May 21, 2003].

 

Journal

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Example:

1. Paul A (1987) Electrical properties of flying machines, flying machines [On-line], 38: 778-998.

 

 

Articles, Conferences, Patents, and Books not in English

If the language of a reference used in a manuscript is not English, the reference must be translated from every language into English Language. 

Example:

1. Aghanabati A (2005) Geology of Iran, GeologicalSurvey and Mineral Exploration of Iran(GSI), Iran, 1-357 (in Persian). 

 

World Wide Web

Author(s) (year) Title, Internet: complete URL.

1. Duncan M (2000) Engineering concepts on ice, Internet: www.iceengg.edu/staff.html.

 

Manuscript Submission Form

The manuscript submission form must be downloaded from here, completed and signed by all the authors, and sent along with the manuscript file at the submission.