Optimizing and Stabilizing the Gas Lift Operation by Controlling the Lift Gas Specific Gravity

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Petroleum Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology

2 Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic)

Abstract

One of the factors which affects the gas lift performance is specific gravity of a lift gas (or the Molecular weight), which can influence the gas solubility in oil and has a direct effect on the gas lift performance. There are some previous researches which have included the lift gas specific gravity in their modeling, but in none of them, a comprehensive research about the effect of lift gas specific gravity in gas allocation optimization, gas lift stability, economic factors, and some other aspects of gas lift is done. This research, concentrating on lift gas specific gravity, introduces an easy and inexpensive method for increasing the oil production in gas lifted wells. In addition, the effect of injection gas specific gravity in some phenomena such as the stability of the flow in a single well and in a gas allocation optimization has been studied, and an easy way to escape the unstable flow introduced. Moreover, the result shows that changing the gas composition causes three different behaviors based on the range of changes. In a group of wells, changing the specific gravity of gas causes a different injection pattern, but its effect on total production is not huge. Finally, similar to the case of single wells, changing the specific gravity of a group of wells has changed the production in three regions and has its specific sensitivity to the change of the injection gas specific gravity in each region.

Keywords


REFERENCES
Khamehchi E. and Mahdiani M. R., “An Introduction to Gas Lift,” Gas Allocation Optimization Methods in Artificial Gas Lift, Springer International Publishing, 2017, 1–5.
Khamehchi E. and Mahdiani M. R., “Gas Allocation Optimization Methods in Artificial Gas Lift,” (1st ed.), Springer, 2016, 1-46.
Mahdiani M. R. and Khamehchi E. “A Novel Model for Predicting the Temperature Profile in Gas Lift Wells,” Petroleum, 2016, 2(4), 408-414.
Takacs G., “Gas Lift Manual,” Hungary: PenWell, 2005.
Jung S. Y. and Lim J. S., “Optimization of Gas Lift Allocation for Improved Oil Production under Facilities Constraints,” Geosystem Engineering, 2016, 19(1), 39-47.
Mahdiani M. R. and Khamehchi E., “Preventing Instability Phenomenon in Gas-lift Optimization,” Iranian Journal of Oil and Gas Science and Technology, 2015, 4(1), 49–65.
Mahdiani M. R. and Norouzi M., “A New Heuristic Model for Estimating the Oil Formation Volume Factor,” Petroleum, 2018, 300-308.
Mahdiani M. R. and Kooti G., “The Most Accurate Heuristic-based Algorithms for Estimating the Oil Formation Volume Factor,” Petroleum, 2016, 2(1), 40-48.
Kokal S. L., “An Experimental Study of Two-phase Flow in Inclined Pipes,” 2017.
Bhatti M. M., Zeeshan A., Ellahi R., and Shit G. C., “Mathematical Modeling of Heat and Mass Transfer Effects on MHD Peristaltic Propulsion of Two-phase Flow through a Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer porous Medium,” Advanced Powder Technology, 2018, 29(5), 1189-1197.
Peters C. M. “Gas Lift Valve,” U.S. Patent 2 342 301, 1944.
Cummings L. L. “Gas Lift Valve,” U.S. Patent 2 642 889, 1953.
Kork K., Robert K. K., and Blake E. G. “Gas Lift Valve,” U.S. Patent 3 363 581, 1968.
Mcleod J. H. O. “Gas lift system,” U.S. Patent 3 215 087, 1965.
Wang C., Keong W. T. W., Shan C. L. Y., and Balasubramanian G., “Gas Lift Valves,” Google Patents, 2013.
Long S. D., Salihbegovic Z., and Hope J. M., “Gas Lift Valve,” U.S. Patent Application 14 493 505, 2015.
Kanu E. P., Mach J., and Brown K. E., “Economic Approach to Oil Production and Gas Allocation in Continuous Gas Lift (includes associated papers 10858 and 10865),” Journal of Petroleum Technology, 1981, 33(10), 1-887.
Clegg J. D. “PEH: Artificial Lift Systems,”
Nishikiori N., Redner R. A., Doty D. R., and Schmidt Z., “An Improved Method for Gas Lift Allocation Optimization,” In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1989.
Martinez E. R., Moreno W. J., Moreno J. A., and Maggiolo R., “Application of Genetic Algorithm on the Distribution of Gas-lift Injection,” In SPE Latin America/Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference, Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1994.
Buitrago S., Rodriguez E., and Espin D., “Global Optimization Techniques in Gas Allocation for Continuous Flow Gas Lift Systems,” in SPE Gas Technology Symposium, 1996.
Ghassemzadeh S. and Pourafshary P., “Development of an Intelligent Economic Model to Optimize the Initiation Time of Gas Lift Operation,” Journal of Petroleum Exploration Production Technology, 2015, 5(3), 315-320.
Abdalsadig M. A. G. H., Nourian A., Nasr G. G., and Babaie M., “Gas Lift Optimization to Improve Well Performance,” International Journal of. Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial, Mechatronic and Manufacturing Engineering, 2016, 10(3), 427-435.
Asheim H., “Criteria for Gas-Lift Stability,” Journal of Petroleum Technology, 1988, 40(11), 1452-1456,.
Guerrero-Sarabia I. and Fairuzov Y. V., “Linear and Non-linear Analysis of Flow Instability in Gas-lift Wells,” Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2013, 108, 162-171.
Larsen C. A. and Asheim H. A., “Experimental Investigation of Gas Lift Instability and Dynamic Regulation to Control It,” in SPE Annual Caspian Technical Conference and Exhibition, 2014.
Bahadori A. and Zeidani K., “Compositional Model Improves Gas-lift Optimization for Iranian Oil Field,” Oil and Gas Journal, 2006, 104(5).
Saepudin D., Soewono E., Sidarto K. A., Gunawan A. Y., and et al., “An Investigation on Gas Lift Performance Curve in an Oil-Producing Well,” International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences, 2007, 1129-1140.
Maijoni A. and Hamouda A. A., “Effect of Gas Lift Gas Composition on Production Stability/Instability by Dynamic and Steady State Simulation for Continues Gas Lift Injection Mode,” in SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition, 2011.
Sharma R. and Glemmestad B., “On Generalized Reduced Gradient Method with Multi-start and Self-optimizing Control Structure for Gas Lift Allocation Optimization,” Journal of Process Control, 2013, 23(8), 1129-1140.
Rasouli H., Rashidi F., Karimi B., and Khamehchi E., “A Surrogate Integrated Production Modeling Approach to Long-term Gas-lift Allocation Optimization,” Chem. Eng. Commun., 2015, 202(5), 647-654.
Miresmaeili S. O. H., Pourafshary P., and Farahani F. J., “A Novel Multi-objective Estimation of Distribution Algorithm for Solving Gas Lift Allocation Problem,” Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2015, 23, 272-280.
Fitra U. R., Rahmawati S. D., Sukarno P., and Soewono E., “Optimization of Gas Lift Allocation in Multi-well System, A Simple Numerical Approach,” Indonesian Petroleum Association, 2015.
M. Khishvand, E. Khamehchi, and N. R. Nokandeh, “A Nonlinear Programming Approach to Gas Lift Allocation Optimization,” Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2015, 37(5), 453-461.
Mahdiani M. R. and Khamehchi E., “Stabilizing Gas Lift Optimization with Different Amounts of Available Lift Gas,” Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2015, 25, 18-27.
Tahsin P. and Jaf M., “Gas Rate , GLR and Depth Sensitivities of Gas Lift Technique: A Case Study,” International Journal of Engineering, Technology Management & Applied Sciences, 2015, 3(7) 138-149.
Shao W., Boiko I., and Al-Durra A., “Control-oriented Modeling of Gas-lift System and Analysis of Casing-heading Instability,” Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2016, 29, 365-381.
Shao W., Boiko I., and Al-Durra A., “Plastic Bag Model of the Artificial Gas Lift System for Slug Flow Analysis,” Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2016, 33, 573-586.
Krishnamoorthy D., Foss B., and Skogestad S., “Gas Lift Optimization under Uncertainty,” Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, Elsevier, 2017, 40, 1753-1758.
De Sousa Santos L., De Souza K. M. F., Bandeira M. R., Ahón V. R. R., and et al., “Dynamic Optimization of a Continuous Gas Lift Process Using a Mesh Refining Sequential Method,” Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2018, 165, 161-170.
Petex-Petroleum Experts and Petroleum Experts (PETEX), “IPM”.
Asheim H., “Maximization of Water Sweep Efficiency by Controlling Production and Injection Rates,” European Petroleum Conference, 1988.
Khamehchi E. and Mahdiani M. R., “The Fitness Function of Gas Allocation Optimization,” Gas Allocation Optimization Methods in Artificial Gas Lift, Springer International Publishing, 2017, 7–23.
Ghassemzadeh S., Pourafshary P., Jung S. Y., Lim J. S., and et al., “Optimization of Gas Lift Allocation for Improved Oil Production under Facilities Constraints,” Geosystem Engineering, 2015, 5(3) 39-47,
Khamehchi E., Abdolhosseini H., and Abbaspour R., “Prediction of Maximum Oil Production by Gas Lift in an Iranian Field Using Auto-designed Neural Network,” History, 2014, 138, 150.
Mahdiani M. R. and Khamehchi E., “A Modified Neural Network Model for Predicting the Crude Oil Price,” Intellectual Economics, 2016, 10(2) 71–77.
Khamehchi E. and Mahdiani M. R., “Constraint Optimization,” Gas Allocation Optimization Methods in Artificial Gas Lift, Springer International Publishing, 2017, 25–34.
Norouzi M., Panjalizadeh H., Rashidi F., and Mahdiani M. R., “DPR Polymer Gel Treatment in Oil Reservoirs: A Workflow for Treatment Optimization Using Static Proxy Models,” Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2017, 153, 97-110.
Khamehchi E. and Mahdiani M. R., “Optimization Algorithms,” Gas Allocation Optimization Methods in Artificial Gas Lift, Springer, 2017, 25–37.