The Performance of Polymethyl Methacrylate/Clay Nanocomposite as Novel Pour Point Depressant on Rheological Properties of Model Waxy Crude Oil

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

A novel polymeric nanocomposite pour point depressant (PPD), based on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and montmorillonite (MMT) clay, was synthesized and characterized. For a comprehensive comparison, the influence of neat polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and PMMA/clay nanocomposite on reducing pour point, gelation point, apparent viscosity, and yield stress of a model waxy crude oil was investigated, followed by evaluation of their performances precisely. The rheometry test results showed that the addition of 400 ppm of PPMA and 800 ppm of PMMA/clay nanocomposite to waxy crude oil reduced the pour point from 13˚C (for untreated sample) to 0 and -3 ˚C, respectively. Thus, the addition of PMMA/clay nanocomposite to waxy crude oil resulted in a 120% reduction in the pour point.
 

Keywords

References

  1. Pedersen KS, Rønningsen HP (2003) Influence of wax inhibitors on wax appearance temperature, pour point, and viscosity of waxy crude oils, Journal of Energy Fuels, 17, 2: 321-328. ##
  2. Chanda D, Sarmah A, Borthakur A, Rao K, Subrahmanyam B, Das H (1998) Combined effect of asphaltenes and flow improvers on the rheological behaviour of Indian waxy crude oil, Fuel, 77, 11:1163-1167. ##
  3. Gilby G (1983) The use of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers as flow improvers in waxy crude oil, Chemical Oil Industry, 108-124. ##
  4. Mansourpoor M, Azin R, Osfouri S, Izadpanah A (2019) Experimental measurement and modeling study for estimation of wax disappearance temperature, Journal of Dispersion Science and  Technology, 40, 2:161-170. ##
  5. Andrade DE, da Cruz AC, Franco AT, Negrão CO (2015) Influence of the initial cooling temperature on the gelation and yield stress of waxy crude oils, Rheologica Acta, 54, 2:149-157. ##
  6. Chen W, Zhao Z, Yin C (2010) The interaction of waxes with pour point depressants, Fuel, 89, 5:1127-1132.
  7. Merino-Garcia D, Correra S (2008) Cold flow: A review of a technology to avoid wax deposition, Petroleum Science and Technology, 26, 4:446-459. ##
  8. Tiratsoo JN (1992) Pipeline pigging technology, 2nd ed., Gulf Professional Publishing, 1-12. ##
  9. Xu J, Xing S, Qian H, Chen S, Wei X, Zhang R, Li L, Guo X. (2013) Effect of polar/nonpolar groups in comb-type copolymers on cold flowability and paraffin crystallization of waxy oils, Fuel, 103: 600-605. ##
  10. Behbahani TJ (2014) Experimental investigation of the polymeric flow improver on waxy oils, Petroleum and Coal, 56, 2:139-142. ##
  11. Al-Sabagh A, El-Hamouly S, Khidr T, El-Ghazawy R, Higazy SA (2013) Synthesis of phthalimide and succinimide copolymers and their evaluation as flow improvers for an Egyptian waxy crude oil. Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, 22, 3:381-393. ##
  12. Mansourpoor M, Azin R, Osfouri S, Izadpanah AA, Saboori R (2019) Experimental investigation of rheological behavior and wax deposition of waxy oil–disulfide oil systems. Natural Resources Research, 28, 4:1609-1617. ##
  13. Solaimany Nazar AR, Salehi N, Karimi Y, Beheshti M, Kasra Kermanshahi R (2018) Assessing the biological inhibitors effect on crude oil wax appearance temperature reduction, Journal of  Petroleum Science and Technology, 8, 2:70-85. ##
  14. Machado AL, Lucas EF, González G (2001) Poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate)(EVA) as wax inhibitor of a Brazilian crude oil: oil viscosity, pour point and phase behavior of organic solutions, Journal of Petroleum  Science and Engineering, 32, 2-4:159-165. ##
  15. Kuzmić AE, Radošević M, Bogdanić G, Srića V, Vuković R (2008) Studies on the influence of long chain acrylic esters polymers with polar monomers as crude oil flow improver additives, Fuel, 87, 13-14:2943-2950. ##
  16. Jin M, Zhong Q (2012) Structure modification of montmorillonite nanoclay by surface coating with soy protein, Journal of Agricultural and  Food Chemistry, 60, 48:11965-11971. ##
  17. Liu SM, Yan BB, Wang P (2012) Studied on preparation montmorillonite modified by CTAMB and adsorption performance on nitrobenzene, Advance Material Research, 557:996-1004. ##
  18. Wang F, Zhang D, Ding Y, Zhang L, Yang M, Jiang B, Zhang S, Ai M, Liu G, Zhi S, Huo L (2011) The effect of nanohybrid materials on the pour-point and viscosity depressing of waxy crude oil, Chinese Science Bulletin, 56, 1:14-17. ##
  19. Yang F, Paso K, Norrman J, Li C, Oschmann H, Sjöblom J (2015) Hydrophilic nanoparticles facilitate wax inhibition, Energy & Fuels, 29, 3:1368-1374. ##
  20. Yao B, Li C, Yang F, Sjöblom J, Zhang Y, Norrman J, Paso K, Xiao Z (2016) Organically modified nano-clay facilitates pour point depressing activity of polyoctadecylacrylate, Fuel, 166: 96-105. ##
  21. Li N, Mao G, Wu W, Liu Y (2018) Effect evaluation of ethylene vinyl acetate/nano-montmorillonite pour-point depressant on improving the flow properties of model oil. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 555:296-303. ##
  22. Giannelis EP. Polymer layered silicate nanocomposites (1996) Advanced Materials, 8, 1:29-35. ##
  23. He H, Ding Z, Zhu J, Yuan P, Xi Y, Yang D (2005) Thermal characterization of surfactant-modified montmorillonites, Journal of Clays and Clay Minerals, 53, 3:287-293. ##
  24. Kok MV, Létoffé J-M, Claudy P, Martin D, Garcin M, Volle J-L (1996) Comparison of wax appearance temperatures of crude oils by differential scanning calorimetry, thermomicroscopy and viscometry, Fuel, 75, 7:787-790. ##
  25. Yang F, Li C, Wang D (2013) Studies on the structural characteristics of gelled waxy crude oils based on scaling model, Journal of Energy and Fuels, 27, 3:1307-1313. ##
  26. Steffe JF (1996) Rheological methods in food process engineering, 2nd ed., Freeman press, 313-318. ##
  27. Visintin RF, Lapasin R, Vignati E, D’Antona P, Lockhart TP (2005) Rheological behavior and structural interpretation of waxy crude oil gels, Journal of Langmuir, 21,14: 6240-6249. ##
  28. Karimi Y, Solaimany Nazar AR (2020) An Experimental Study on Evaluation of Factors Influencing the Viscosity and Viscoelastic Properties of Waxy Crude Oil, Iranian Journal of Oil and Gas Science and Technology, 9, 1:1-15. ##
  29. Morrison FA (2001) Understanding rheology,1st ed., Topics in Chemical Engineering, 134-140. ##

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics